Phylogenetic diversification patterns and divergence times in ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae)

Table 2 Divergence dates of harpaline lineages estimated using r8s.

		Date of origin (My bp)
	Lineage	Combined	18S	wg	28S
A	Harpalinae	129.3-133.4	120.0-120.4	153.1	124.7-129.0
B	Morionini	126.4-130.6	95.3-95.6	139.5	122.1-126.6
C	Zuphiitae+Ctenodactylini	126.4-130.6	90.8-91.1	132.5	122.1-126.6
D	Pterostichites	110.3-115.6	67.5-67.8	132.5	107.3-112.9
E	Harpalini+Licinini	110.3-114.3	-	130.8	107.3-112.9
F	Amara	108.4-113.5	65.0-65.3	119.8	105.5-110.9
G	Odacanthitae	100.6-105.3	-	117.8	98.9-103.9
H	Platynini+Pseudomorphini et al.	104.0-108.8	51.7-57.5	113.9	101.7115.0
I	Oodini+Lachnophorini	89.1-92.5	57.2-57.5	113.2	87.5-91.0
J	Badister+Perigonini	78.6-81.5	-	99.6	78.2-81.2
K	Lebiini	86.2-89.4	57.2-57.5	106.4	84.8-88.1
L	Peleciini	100.6-105.3	64.4-64.7	117.8	98.9-103.9
M	Lachnophorini	68.0-70.4	57.2-57.5	98.0	67.1-69.6
N	Panagaeini	60.2-62.1	-	82.5	59.1-61.1
O	Cyclosomini	73.8-76.1	43.5-43.8	96.3	72.9-75.3
P	Perigonini	69.6-72.1	-	95.3	69.8-72.5
Q	Graphipterini	58.6-61.3	-	72.7	59.5-62.4
R	Platynini	100.8-105.6	51.7-52.0	103.5	98.5-130.4
S	Harpalini	109.1-114.3	67.5-67.8	111.0	105.8-111.3
T	Helluomorphini	60.5-63.0	-	83.9	60.6-63.2
U	Ctenodactylini	83.9-94.8	-	101.5	88.0-91.5

Estimated age of stem lineage origins within Harpalinae from all-data-combined and18S rDNA, wingless, and 28S rDNA data sets from r8s relaxed clock analyses using the youngest hypothesized age of the fossil calibration (first number) and the oldest hypothesized age of the fossil calibration (second number) from Table 2. Young and old ages resulted in essentially identical estimates for the wg gene. Not all nodes were present in the 18S data set due to limited taxon sampling [27]. The capital letters correspond to clades in Figure 3.

ISSN: 2730-7182