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Table 1 Schematic overview of pairing types of Lymnaea stagnalis individuals in five experimental treatments.

From: Costs of receipt and donation of ejaculates in a simultaneous hermaphrodite

Treatment

Pairing type

Description

 

Focal

Partner

 

Control

H

H

Reciprocal copulation, focals receive and donate.

Sham

H

H

Reciprocal copulation, focals receive and donate.

Receive

F

H

Unilateral copulation, focals restricted to receiving.

Donate

H

F

Unilateral copulation, focals restricted to donating.

Operated

F

F

No copulation, focals neither receive nor donate.

  1. Capital letters denote hermaphrodites (H) and surgically feminized individuals (F). Surgery involves lesioning a branch of the penial nerve (NP1) in snails and removes the motivation to mate as a male (see text for details). Therefore, combinations of H and F result in pairs that can only copulate in one mating role: H as donor and F as recipient. In FF pairs, male function is lacking and copulatory activity is absent. HH pairs denote normally mating functional hermaphrodites.