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Table 4 Comparison of Pareto fits to the distribution of small effects on fitness for three different fitness landscapes

From: Phenotypic effect of mutations in evolving populations of RNA molecules

 

Pareto[k, a]

% of mutations

B

k = 0.0197 ± 0.0003

89.9

S

a = 0.993 ± 0.020

R2 = 0.997

B

k = 0.0200 ± 0.0003

92.2

S + Q

a = 0.976 ± 0.017

R2 = 0.998

B

k = 0.0198 ± 0.0004

94.2

S + E

a = 1.170 ± 0.034

R2 = 0.995

D

k = 0.0190 ± 0.0010

63.5

S

a = 0.391 ± 0.016

R2 = 0.984

D

k = 0.0219 ± 0.0016

75.2

S + Q

a = 0.529 ± 0.034

R2 = 0.963

D

k = 0.0197 ± 0.0014

81.0

S + E

a = 0.596 ± 0.036

R2 = 0.965

  1. The Pareto probability distribution function fits the numerically obtained distributions of small effects well when selection of a specific 10 nt sequence or selection of low-energy folds occurs simultaneously to selection of a target secondary structure. Results shown as in Table 3. S indicates selection solely on structure (according to the definition given in Eq. (1)); S + Q stands for populations with selection on structure and sequence (definition given in Eq. (8)); S + E represents populations with selection on structure and energy (following Eq. (9)). Distributions are measured for populations optimized at a value of the mutation rate μ = 0.003.