Figure 1
From: Retrotransposition and mutation events yield Rap1 GTPases with differential signalling capacity
Comparison of the mouse and human Rap1 retrogenes. A. Overview of nucleotide changes in the open reading frame (ORF) regions of the three retrogenes. Changes in amino acid sequence are highlighted in three different colors on the blue background, corresponding to each of the retrogenes (Rap1A-retro1 in yellow; Rap1B-retro2 in red; hRap1B-retro in green). mRap1A, mouse Rap1A sequence (NM_145541); hRap1B, human Rap1B sequence (NM_015646). 1-4 in the ORF indicate the conserved motifs, G1-4, that bind the nucleotides and/or interact with effector proteins (G1: 10GxxxxGKS17, Walker A; G2: 28FVxxYxPTxxDxY40, G3: 57DxxG60; G4: 116NKxD119). The effector domain region is marked in pink (amino acids 20-45: 32-40 the general recognition motif; and 20-31, 41-45 specificity regions, [33]). B. Locations of retrogene-specific amino acid substitutions mapped onto the structure of Rap1A in complex with the Ras-binding domain (RBD) of c-Raf1 (PDB: 1C1Y). Hydrogen bounds between the T35 residue and, GTP and the water molecule are highlighted with black dashed lines. The water molecule is marked in light-blue, GTP in light-gray, Mg2+ is represented as a large light-gray ball.