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Table 2 Percentiles of Carduelis data relative to the simulations' predictions.

From: Evolution of female carotenoid coloration by sexual constraint in Carduelis finches

 

Constraint on females

Constraint on males

Mutual constraint

Carotenoid coloration

   

Difference of standard deviations

0.88 (0.25)

> 0.99 (< 0.01)

0.99 (0.01)

Skew

0.12 (0.25)

0.20 (0.40)

0.16 (0.31)

Difference of regression slopes

0.07 (0.13)

< 0.01 (< 0.01)

< 0.01 (< 0.01)

Melanin coloration

   

Difference of standard deviations

0.18 (0.36)

0.67 (0.67)

0.39 (0.79)

Skew

0.051 (0.10)

0.14 (0.29)

0.09 (0.18)

Difference of regression slopes

0.72 (0.56)

0.49 (0.97)

0.65 (0.70)

Total coloration

   

Difference of standard deviations

0.55 (0.90)

0.99 (0.02)

0.92 (0.16)

Skew

0.11 (0.23)

0.24 (0.48)

0.17 (0.35)

Difference of regression slopes

0.43 (0.87)

0.01 (0.01)

0.09 (0.18)

  1. Percentiles of the Carduelis coloration data relative to the distribution of each models' predictions and, in parenthesis, corresponding two-tailed P values for rejecting each of the models. Model rejection at the 0.05 α is signalled in bold typeface.