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Table 1 Results of the linear mixed-effect models testing MHC-associated and condition-dependent variation in swelling size and shape, as well as MHC-associated variation in body condition.

From: A female signal reflects MHC genotype in a social primate

Variable

Swelling size

Swelling shape

Body condition

 

Est. [SD]

F1, df

df

P

Est. [SD]

F1, df

df

P

Est. [SD]

F1, df

df

P

Age1

-1.54 [2.34]

0.43

10

0.52

-1.4 × 10-2 [3.4 × 10-3]

17.5

10

< 0.01

-1.37 [3.22]

0.18

11

0.70

Social rank1

32.57 [28.23]

1.33

10

0.28

7.9 × 10-2 [3.9 × 10-2]

7.33

10

0.07

20.79 [34.32]

0.37

11

0.56

Group1,2

25.04 [18.02]

1.93

10

0.19

-4.9 × 10-3 [2.5 × 10-2]

0.04

10

0.85

-3.66 [23.78]

0.02

11

0.88

MHC diversity3

-6.62 [6.66]

0.99

9

0.35

7.1 × 10-3 [1.0 × 10-2]

0.49

9

0.50

8.20 [8.72]

0.88

10

0.37

S13,4

-45.90 [14.74]

10.8

9

0.01

8.6 × 10-2 [1.1 × 10-2]

64.6

9

< 10-3

-54.89 [19.79]

7.70

10

0.02

S2, S113,5

19.49 [17.36]

1.26

9

0.29

-2.7 × 10-2 [2.5 × 10-2]

1.22

9

0.29

38.48 [21.19]

2.96

10

0.12

S33

-5.09 [19.83]

0.04

9

0.84

1.2 × 10-2 [2.7 × 10-2]

0.18

9

0.68

18.28 [23.30]

0.61

10

0.45

S53

-5.27 [19.53]

0.07

9

0.79

-1.7 × 10-2 [2.7 × 10-2]

0.38

9

0.55

9.57 [26.41]

0.13

10

0.72

S73

-3.22 [18.96]

0.03

9

0.89

-1.5 × 10-2 [2.7 × 10-2]

0.31

9

0.59

-0.33 [26.04]

0.00

10

0.99

S83

12.23 [21.71]

0.32

9

0.59

-2.6 × 10-2 [3.0 × 10-2]

0.73

9

0.41

25.92 [28.34]

0.84

10

0.38

MUAF3

0.50 [0.21]

5.53

8

0.05

-6.6 × 10-4 [2.8 × 10-4]

5.68

8

0.04

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

  1. 1 Parameters and tests for control variables (age, social rank, group) are calculated here in the absence of the test variables. See Additional file 1 for the parameters and tests calculated from the full models including either S1 or MUAF.
  2. 2 Reference category: smaller troop.
  3. 3 Each of the test variables was tested independently (i.e. one test parameter per model), such that the results presented here are a summary of eight different models (in this case the full models, i.e. all predictors present). The individual models testing the influence of MHC supertype S1 are presented in Additional file 1 (see Tables S2-S3 for the models explaining swelling characteristics, and Tables S8-S9 for the models explaining body condition), as well as the models testing the influence of MUAF on swelling characteristics (Tables S4-S5).
  4. 4 Phenotypic effects of S1 on swelling components remain significant after Bonferroni corrections for multiple tests, with a significance threshold α = 0.0125 for a total of four independent tests involving MHC supertypes S1, S3, S5 and S8 (the possession of S2 and S7 is non-independent from the possession of several other supertypes: see Table S1 in Additional file 1). In contrast, the effects of MHC supertype S1 on body condition is reduced to a trend (P = 0.08) after correction for multiple testing.
  5. 5 Supertypes S2 and S11 are always possessed together.