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Table 1 Histone gene variants and their genomic organization from yeast to vertebrates.

From: Histone variant innovation in a rapidly evolving chordate lineage

 

M. musculus/H. Sapiens

O. dioica

C. intestinalis

C. savignyi

S. purpuratus

D. melanogaster

C. elegans

S. cerevisiae

Genomic organization

Large non-tandem clusters

Small, dispersed gene groups

Few

dispersed

genes

Large, mostly non-tandem clusters

Large tandem array clusters

Large tandem array clusters

Small, dispersed gene groups

Few dispersed genes

H4 variants

        

H4.1

H4.1

H4.1

H4.1

H4.1

H4.1

H4.1

H4.1

H4.1

H4t (testis)

-

H4t

-

nd

-

-

-

-

+ isoforms§

-

-

-

yes

-

-

-

-

H3 variants

        

H3.1

H3.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

H3.2

H3.2

H3.2

H3.2

H3.2

H3.2

H3.2

H3.2

-

H3.3

H3.3

H3.3

H3.3

H3.3

H3.3

H3.3

H3.3

H3.3

CenH3

CENP-A

CenH3

CenH3

CenH3

H3-Cid

CID

HCP-3

CSE4

H3t (testis)

H3t

H3t.1

H3t.2

H3t.3

-

nd

nd

 

nd

-

+ isoforms§

yes

-

-

yes

yes

-

yes

-

H2B variants

        

H2B.1

H2B.1

H2B.1, H2B.2, H2B.3*1

H2B.1

H2B.1

H2B.1

H2B.1

H2B.1

Htb1p, Htb2p

H2Bt (testis)

TSH2B

H2BFWT

spH2B

H2B.4*2

H2Bt.1

H2Bt.2

H2Bt.3

nd

nd

SpermH2B

-

nd

-

+ isoforms§

yes

-

yes

yes

yes

-

yes

-

H2A variants

        

H2A.1

H2A.1

H2A.1, H2A.2

H2A.1

H2A.1

H2A.1

H2A.1

H2A.1

-

H2A.Z

H2A.Z.1 H2A.Z.2

H2A.Z

H2A.Z

H2A.Z

H2A.Z

H2Av

HTZ-1

Htz1p

H2AX

H2AX

-

H2AX

H2AX

H2AX

H2Av

-

Hta2p

MacroH2A.1

MacroH2A.1

-

-

-

MacroH2A.1

-

-

-

MacroH2A.2

MacroH2A.2

-

-

-

MacroH2A.2

-

-

-

H2At (testis)

H2AL1

H2AL2

H2At.1

H2At.2

H2At.3

H2Asq.1

H2Asq.2

H2Asq.3

nd

nd

-

nd

nd

-

H2A.Bbd

H2A.Bbd

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+ isoforms§

yes

H2A.3*1

H2A.4*3

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

-

H1 variants

        

H1.1

H1.1

H1.2

H1.3

H1.4

H1.5

H1.1

H1.2*4

H1.3*5

H1.4*5

3 isoforms

11 isoforms

H1

H1a

H1b

H1

8 isoforms

Hho1p

H1t (testis)

H1t

H1T2

H1LS1

H1t

  

SpermH1

   

H1.oo (oocyte)

H1oo

       

H1.0 (diff)†

H1.0

H1.x

   

H1.0

   
  1. §+ isoforms = additional isoforms in the genome. †(diff) = differentiation H1 variant. Expression: peaks at *1D3/D4; *2 peaks in early tadpoles and D5, where it is enriched in the testes; *3commences 1 h pf and decreases after D4; *4 peaks during organogenesis and *5peaks at metamorphosis. The nomenclature of OdH1s does not imply direct orthology with human H1.1-H1.4