Figure 5

Mitochondrial gene rearrangements in S. erythranum mtDNA compared with the ground patterns of Arthropoda and Pancrustacea, and the examination of the tandem duplication and random loss (TDRL) hypothesis. Gene sizes are not drawn to scale. Genes encoded by the reverse strand are indicated by a dark line under the gene name with blue shadow. Red areas indicate genes that were rearranged, and circle arrows indicate inversion. The rearrangements are divided into five categories: 1) the translocation of trnF; 2) the remote translocation and inversion of trnP; 3) the local inversion of the gene block (rrnS, trnV, rrnL, trnL2, trnL1, and nad1); 4) the reshuffle of tRNAs region from trnI to trnC, which is compatible with the TDRL hypothesis; that is, duplication of the ancestral gene block from trnI to trnY can get the exact order of S. erythranum's mtDNA in this region after loss of shadowed genes; 5) the relocation of the A+T-rich region.