In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq

Table 1 MtDNA haplogroup frequencies (%) observed in the Marsh Arabs in comparison to Iraqis.

Haplogroups^a	Marsh Arabs (N = 145)	Iraqis^b (N = 176)	Haplogroups^a	Marsh Arabs (N = 145)	Iraqis^b (N = 176)
West Eurasia	77.8%	84.1%	West Eurasia (cont.)
R0	*24.1%*	*33.5%*	N	*15.1%*	*6.8%*
R0	0.7	-	I	0.7%	1.7%
R0a	6.9	4.0	I	0.7	0.6
			I1	-	1.1
HV	4.1%	12.5%
HV*	3.4	9.1	N1	8.2%	2.3%
HV0a	0.7	-	N1b1	4.8	2.3
HV1	-	3.4	N1c	3.4	-
H	12.4%	17.0%	W	4.8%	1.1%
H*	7.6	10.8	W	2.7	1.1
H1	0.7	1.7	W4	0.7	-
H5	3.4	2.8	W6	1.4	-
H6b	-	0.6	X	1.4%	1.7%
H14a	0.7	1.1	X2	1.4	1.7
KU	*15.9%*	*19.4%*	North/East Africa	2.8%	1.8%
K	6.2%	4.6%
K1	4.1	3.4	M1a	1.4	0.6
K1a8	2.1	0.6	M1a1	-	0.6
K2	-	0.6	M1b2	1.4	-
U	9.7%	14.8%	U6a	-	0.6
U	-	1.1
U1a'c	-	2.3	Sub-Saharan Africa	4.9%	9.1%
U1b	-	0.6
U2e	-	0.6	L0a1'4	0.7	-
U3	5.5	2.8	L0a2	-	1.1
U3a	-	0.6	L1b	1.4	-
U3b1a1	-	0.6	L1c2	-	0.6
U4	2.1	4.0	L1c3a	-	0.6
U5a1	1.4	1.1	L2a1'2	0.7	-
U5b3	0.7	-	L2a1	0.7	2.8
U9	-	1.1	L3*	0.7	-
			L3b	-	0.6
JT	*22.7%*	*24.5%*	L3e5	-	1.1
J	15.2%	11.9%	L3f	0.7	-
J1*	0.7	-	L3f1b	-	2.3
J1b	5.5	5.7
J1b1b	-	0.6	East Asia	1.4%	1.1%
J1c	2.1	1.1
J1d	0.7	1.1	B4	-	1.1
J1d1	-	1.1	B4c2	1.4	-
J1d2	-	0.6
J2a	4.1	1.7	Southwest Asia	10.4%**	4.0%
J2b	2.1	-
			M*	0.7	-
T	7.6%	12.6%	M33a2a	0.7	-
T1a	3.4	2.3	M37e	1.4	-
T1a1	-	0.6	R2	2.8	-
T1b	2.1	2.8	R5a	-	0.6
T2	-	2.3	U2d	-	0.6
T2a1b	-	1.1	U7	4.8	2.8
T2b	0.7	0.6
T2c	-	2.3	Others	2.8%	-
T2c1	0.7	-	N*	0.7	-
T2e	0.7	0.6	R*	2.1	-

^a nomenclature according to van Oven and Kayser, built 12 (20 July 2011) [22].
^b included in the sample analysed by Al-Zahery et al. [12]; * indicates: groups of mtDNAs not belonging to any of the listed sub-haplogroups. For example, H* contains all H mtDNAs not belonging to the sub-clades investigated in this survey (H1, H5, H6, H14) ** value statically significant at p < 0.05.

ISSN: 2730-7182