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Table 3 Mixed model analysis of variance for larval traits.

From: Adaptive divergence of the moor frog (Rana arvalis) along an acidification gradient

 

a) Mass

b) Larval period

c) Growth rate

Random effects

Var ± SE

Z

P

Var ± SE

Z

P

Var ± SE

Z

P

Family (Pond pH)

2.58 ± 0.61

4.26

< 0.001

1.13 ± 0.28

4.09

< 0.001

2.95 ± 0.70

4.19

< 0.001

Family (Pond pH) × pH treatment

0

.

 

0.19 ± 0.11

1.72

0.043

0

  

Residuals

9.99 ± 0.45

22.42

< 0.001

3.30 ± 0.15

21.79

< 0.001

12.42 ± 0.55

22.42

< 0.001

Fixed effects

ndf

ddf

F

P

ndf

ddf

F

P

ndf

ddf

F

P

Pond pH

7

55

7.7

< 0.001

7

55

8.4

< 0.001

7

55

2.8

0.016

pH treatment

1

1006

318.1

< 0.001

1

54

54.4

< 0.001

1

1006

427.4

< 0.001

Pond pH × pH treatment

7

1006

1.8

0.079

7

54

1.7

0.136

7

1006

0.7

0.661

Block

2

1006

2.4

0.094

2

955

0.2

0.835

2

1006

2.4

0.090

Linear contrasts

ndf

ddf

F

P

ndf

ddf

F

P

ndf

ddf

F

P

Pond pH

1

55

39.9

< 0.001

1

55

29.5

< 0.001

1

55

6.2

0.016

Pond pH × pH treatment

1

1006

1.7

0.194

1

54

6.6

0.013

1

1006

0.2

0.637

  1. Results are shown for (log) a) metamorphic mass, b) larval period and c) growth rate in eight R. arvalis populations occurring along a pH gradient. Significant effects are highlighted in bold.