Bipartite life cycle of coral reef fishes promotes increasing shape disparity of the head skeleton during ontogeny: an example from damselfishes (Pomacentridae)

Table 5 Comparisons between hyperplanes of skeletal shapes

Element	Stages 1-2	Within-stage 1	Within-stage 2	Between-stages	Significance
Neurocranium	Larvae-60 mm	70.06	10.75	79.83	S
	Larvae-MAX	64.28	14.01	86.39	S
	60 mm-MAX	10.38	14.08	15.52	S
Susp. & opercle	Larvae-60 mm	36.23	12.9	55.6	S
	Larvae-MAX	35.93	13.46	56.54	S
	60 mm-MAX	13.29	13.03	16.68	S
Mandible	Larvae-60 mm	10.77	12.72	44.54	S
	Larvae-MAX	12.47	20.89	44.32	S
	60 mm-MAX	12.41	18.6	16.04	NS
Premaxilla	Larvae-60 mm	21.03	6.67	61.75	S
	Larvae-MAX	20.24	8.6	70.38	S
	60 mm-MAX	6.62	9.19	9.04	NS

Comparing hyperplanes of skeletal shape variation between the three studied ontogenetic stages (larvae at settlement, 60 mm SL and maximum SL). Results are obtained by bootstrapping procedure (N = 400) using SpaceAngle. Angles are in decimal degrees. The angle between hyperplanes is considered significant (S) if it exceeds the bootstrapped within-group variance at 95% confidence.

ISSN: 2730-7182