Molecular phylogeny of bark and ambrosia beetles reveals multiple origins of fungus farming during periods of global warming

Table 3 Correlation of fungus farming, gregariousness and regular inbreeding

Comparison (X, Y)	Log likeli-hood diff.	P-value	Q₁₂ 0,0 → 0,1	Q₁₃ 0,0 → 1,0	Q₂₄ 0,1 → 1,1	Q₃₄ 1,0 → 1,1
Fungus farming – gregarious	4.74	0.12	0.195	0.182	1.822	0.001
Gregarious – fungus farming	4.48	0.12	0.115	0.178	0.001	1.166
Fungus farming – inbreeding	10.12	0.07	0.111	0.098	4.091	0.249
Inbreeding – fungus farming	10.11	0.06	0.098	0.111	0.248	4.108
Gregarious – inbreeding	11.17	0.05*	0.114	0.093	4.279	0.163
Inbreeding – gregarious	12.23	0.02*	0.097	0.172	0.520	4.150

Based on Pagel’s [26] test of independence between traits (100 simulations, 20 ML attempts). If Q₁₃ is higher than Q₁₂, X is more likely to evolve first, if Q₃₄ is higher than Q₁₂ then Y is more likely to depend on X, if Q₂₄ is higher than Q₁₃, then X is more likely to depend on Y; transition rates > 1 marked in bold.

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