Plasmodium vivax populations revisited: mitochondrial genomes of temperate strains in Asia suggest ancient population expansion

Table 1 Summary of molecular diversity for all sampled P. vivax populations ^a

Geographic origin	Sample size	Date of collection	No. of haplotypes	No. of unique haplotypes	S	h	π	k	d _S	d _N
Myanmar	32	2006-2008	16	15	18	0.850 ± 0.057	0.00035 ± 0.00007	2.115 ± 1.464	0.0020	0.0005
Anhui, China	36	2004	9	7	14	0.584 ± 0.093	0.00020 ± 0.00006	1.211 ± 0.625	0.0014	0.0010
Guizhou, China	26	2005	5	3	7	0.683 ± 0.068	0.00043 ± 0.00008	2.548 ± 2.000	0.0014	0.0012
South Korea ^b	17	-	9	4	19	0.875 ± 0.058	0.00096 ± 0.00011	5.721 ± 8.309	0.0024	0.0016
China ^c	34	-	11	9	15	0.875 ± 0.036	0.00063 ± 0.00006	3.774 ± 3.801	0.0021	0.0010
South America	47	-	9	5	9	0.642 ± 0.071	0.00019 ± 0.00003	1.164 ± 0.584	0.0026	0.0004
Africa	12	-	8	6	15	0.894 ± 0.078	0.00046 ± 0.00012	2.742 ± 2.440	0.0022	0.0006
South and west Asia	35	-	17	12	25	0.884 ± 0.043	0.00047 ± 0.00009	2.800 ± 2.296	0.0026	0.0009
Southeast Asia ^d	56	-	30	24	39	0.946 ± 0.019	0.00058 ± 0.00005	3.471 ± 3.231	0.0025	0.0007
Indonesia	22	-	13	10	17	0.840 ± 0.078	0.00029 ± 0.00007	1.710 ± 1.077	0.0016	0.0007
Melanesia	73	-	38	30	44	0.931 ± 0.019	0.00056 ± 0.00006	3.355 ± 3.029	0.0027	0.0006

^aShown are number of segregating sites (S), haplotype diversity (h ± standard deviation), nucleotide diversity (π ± standard deviation), average pairwise difference among individuals (k ± total variance), the average number of nucleotide substitutions per non-synonymous site (d_N) and synonymous sites (d_S) for each grouping of samples, calculated based on the mitochondrial DNA sequences. ^b Korean sequences included those from reference [43] and the present study.
^c Additional sequences from China were obtained from references [12] and [13].
^d Samples from Thailand and Vietnam were grouped within Southeast Asia.

ISSN: 2730-7182