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Table 1 Substitution rates in conifer protein-coding genes compared to angiosperm genes

From: Slow but not low: genomic comparisons reveal slower evolutionary rate and higher dN/dS in conifers compared to angiosperms

Pairwise comparison

Gene number

dS

d4

dN

μS(×10-9)

μ4D(×10-9)

μN(×10-9)

dN/dS

Gymnosperms:

3,723

0.1908

0.1769

0.0492

0.68

0.64

0.18

0.3137

Sitka spruce

        

Loblolly pine

        

Angiosperms:

4,080

2.1846

2.0057

0.2019

9.93

9.12

0.92

0.0924

Arabidopsis

    

17.02

15.63

1.57

 

Poplar

    

2.84

2.61

0.26

 

Fold-change

        

Angiosperm:conifers

 

11.4:1

11.4:1

4.1:1

14.6:1

14.4:1

5.2:1

1:3.4

Arabidopsis:conifers

    

25.0:1

24.7:1

9.0:1

 

Poplar:conifers

    

4.2:1

4.1:1

1.5:1

 
  1. Mean genetic distances at synonymous (dS), 4-fold degenerate (d4) and non-synonymous (dN) sites are expressed as a number of substitutions per site. Absolute substitution rates are expressed in substitutions per synonymous (μS), four-fold degenerate (μ4D) and non-synonymous (μN ) site per year. Species-specific rates for angiosperms were estimated based on the 1:6 difference in evolutionary rate between poplar and Arabidopsis [57, 58].
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BMC Ecology and Evolution

ISSN: 2730-7182

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