Figure 4
From: A range-wide synthesis and timeline for phylogeographic events in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Map outlining major phylogeographic events in red foxes as reconstructed using a Bayesian coalescence approach with multiple fossil tip and root calibration points. Current distribution range [84] is shown in foxy red. White: Nearctic lineage; grey: Japanese lineages; black: Holarctic lineage (excluding Japan-restricted lineages). MP: Mid Pleistocene, LP: Late Pleistocene, LGM: Last Glacial Maximum, Hol: Holocene. Note that not all sublineages within the Holarctic lineage are currently distributed across Eurasia and North America; only some lineages show extensive range expansions (Figures 2 and 3, and Additional file 3).