From: A range-wide synthesis and timeline for phylogeographic events in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Scenario | Root height prior (min.) [ka] | Median posterior substitution rate [per site and 106 years] | Divergence time estimates [ka] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red / arctic fox | Red fox diversification | Nearctic lineage | North America, eastern lineage | North America, widespread lineage | North America, mountain lineage | Japan, Honshu / Kyushu | Japan, Hokkaido II | |||
Scenario 1 | 1750 | 33.2% | 1,894 (1,750–2,412) | 173 (92–316) | 68 (39–93)a | 42 (18–82)a | 42 (18–82)a | 52 (20–104) | 24 (9–52)a | 27 (11–60)a |
Scenario 2 | 5100 | 25.6% | 5,325 (5,100–5,847) | 235 (118–423) | 128 (73–206)a | 57 (23–121)a | 73 (28–164) | 57 (23–121)a | 64 (46–94)a | 45 (22–69)a |
Scenario 3 | 500 | 41.9% | 586 (500–874) | 129 (78–208) | 61 (30–92)a | 32 (13–61)a | 32 (13–61)a | 39 (14–74) | 21 (8–51)a | 32 (13–64)a |