Table 3 Summary of the nine character change models, and the fit of each model to Timema hydrocarbon profiles (represented by DF1 and DF2) and individual hydrocarbon components
From: Hydrocarbon divergence and reproductive isolation in Timemastick insects
Model for trait change | P1 | Interpretation | Conclusion if best fit | Profiles | Hydrocarbon components | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Â | DF1 | DF2 | 3Me27 | 5Me27 | 7Me27 | 9Me27 + 11Me27 | 13Me27 |
Pure-Phylogenetic/Distance | 1 | Time predicts the amount of change occurred (consistent with neutral divergence). | Trait not involved in speciation | 2.1 | 5.6 | * | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.9 | * |
Pure-Phylogenetic/Equal | 1 | The amount of change depends on the number of speciation events occurred (number of nodes). | Consistent with speciational change2 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 0.5 | 2.4 | * | 1.7 | 0.1 |
Pure-Phylogenetic/Free | 16 | Trait values can change at any rate between speciation events | Trait not involved in speciation | 24.7 | 27.0 | 34.9 | 44.2 | 40.9 | 29.0 | 27.6 |
Nonphylogenetic/Distance | 1 | Closely related species share trait values for a short time and then diverge very rapidly | Trait not involved in speciation | 8.0 | 2.0 | 7.0 | * | 5.5 | 1.5 | 5.4 |
Nonphylogenetic/Equal | 1 | Trait values change very rapidly, with similar rates in different lineages | No inference3 | 5.4 | * | 4.3 | 0.1 | 3.9 | * | 2.6 |
Nonphylogenetic/Free | 9 | Trait values change very rapidly, with different rates in different lineages | No inference3 | 12.8 | 14.8 | 2E+08 | 2E+08 | 2E+08 | 2E+08 | 2E+08 |
Punctuated/Distance | 1 | At each speciation event, one daughter species retains the ancestral trait value, the trait in the other daughter species changes, with the amount of change dependent on time | Consistent with speciational change2, level of divergence between species also affected by the time separating them | 1.1 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 14.2 | 17.3 | 12.7 | 6.4 |
Punctuated/Equal | 1 | At each speciation event, one daughter species retains the ancestral trait value, the trait in the other daughter species changes, the amount of change between speciation events is always the same | Consistent with speciational change2 | * | 0.9 | 5.4 | 13.9 | 12.3 | 9.0 | 5.3 |
Punctuated/Free | 8 | At each speciation event, one daughter species retains the ancestral trait value, the trait in the other daughter species changes, the amount of change between speciation events varies freely | Consistent with speciational change2, level of divergence between species also affected by lineage-specific processes | 15.1 | 19.0 | 19.3 | 28.2 | 31.3 | 26.7 | 20.4 |