Table 2 Node age estimates (Ma)
Right: nodes below: calibrations | Ruminantia (tree root) | Moschidae + Bovidae | Cervidae stem | Bovidae crown | Bovini + Pseudoryx | Caprini + Pantholops | Bovini crown | Hippotragini + Alcelaphini | Tragelaphini crown | Reduncini crown | Hippotragini crown | Alcelaphini crown | T. strepsicerosstem | T. eurycerosstem | K. ellip.-lechecrown | A. buselaphuscrown | Connochaetescrown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fossil age (Ma) | (constrained to 65–25) | 23 | 16.6 | ca.18 | 10.2 | 8.9 | ca.8.8 | 6.4 | ca.5.7 | 5.1 | 3.6 | ca.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 2 | 0.6 | 1.15 |
Probability Median Age (Ma) | 45 | 25.5 | 21.8 | 18 | 12.8 | 10.8 | 9 | 8.8 | 5.7 | 6 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
Moschidae stem | 53.2 | 25.2 | 28 | 23.7 | 18.6 | 15.6 | 17.6 | 17.8 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 11.4 | 11 | 7.8 | 4.5 | 6.7 | 3.7 | 1.8 |
Cervidae stem | 40.4 | 19.3 | 20.6 | 18.1 | 14.2 | 12 | 13.4 | 13.6 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 8.7 | 8.4 | 6 | 3.5 | 5.1 | 2.8 | 1.4 |
Bovidae crown | 39.8 | 19 | 19.6 | 17.8 | 14 | 11.7 | 13.3 | 13.4 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 5.9 | 3.4 | 5 | 2.8 | 1.4 |
Bovini stem | 34.98 | 16.7 | 17.2 | 15.7 | 12.3 | 10.3 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 9 | 8.9 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 5.2 | 3 | 4.4 | 2.4 | 1.2 |
Caprini stem | 35.4 | 16.9 | 19.3 | 15.9 | 12.4 | 10.5 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 5.2 | 3 | 4.5 | 2.5 | 1.2 |
Bovini crown | 27.8 | 13.2 | 13.6 | 12.4 | 9.7 | 8.2 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 6 | 5.8 | 4.1 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 1 |
Hippotragini stem | 28.1 | 13.3 | 13.7 | 12.4 | 9.7 | 8.2 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 6 | 5.8 | 4.1 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 2 | 0.95 |
Tragelaphini crown | 26 | 11.8 | 12.1 | 11.1 | 8.7 | 7.3 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 3.7 | 2.1 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 0.9 |
Reduncini crown | 26.2 | 12.1 | 12.4 | 11.3 | 8.9 | 7.4 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 1.8 | 0.9 |
Hippotragini crown | 26.8 | 12.4 | 14.3 | 11.7 | 9.2 | 7.7 | 8.7 | 8.9 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 1.8 | 0.9 |
Alcelaphini crown | 27.9 | 13.3 | 13.6 | 12.4 | 9.8 | 8.2 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 6 | 5.7 | 4.2 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 1 |
T. strepsiceros stem | 27.1 | 12.8 | 13.2 | 12 | 9.4 | 7.9 | 8.9 | 9 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 4 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 0.9 |
T. euryceros stem | 44 | 20.9 | 21.6 | 19.6 | 15.4 | 13 | 14.5 | 14.9 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 6.5 | 3.8 | 5.5 | 3.1 | 1.5 |
K. ellips.-leche crown | 26.1 | 11.9 | 13.7 | 11.2 | 8.8 | 7.4 | 8.3 | 8.4 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 3.7 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 1.7 | 0.9 |
A. buselaphus crown | 25.7 | 11.3 | 11.6 | 10.6 | 8.3 | 7 | 7.8 | 8 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 3.5 | 2 | 3 | 1.2 | 0.8 |
Connochaetes crown | 41.9 | 20 | 20.5 | 18.7 | 14.6 | 12.3 | 13.8 | 14.1 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 9 | 8.7 | 6.2 | 3.6 | 5.3 | 2.9 | 1.5 |
All 16 calibrations | 33.7 | 17.9 | 18.4 | 16.2 | 11.8 | 10.1 | 11 | 11.5 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 4.4 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
Mean | 33.2 | 15.8 | 16.7 | 14.8 | 11.5 | 9.7 | 10.9 | 11.1 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 2.2 | 1.2 |
Max | 53.2 | 28 | 25.2 | 23.7 | 18.6 | 17.6 | 13.6 | 4.5 | 7.8 | 13.7 | 6.7 | 17.8 | 11.4 | 11 | 1.8 | 3.7 | 15.6 |
Min | 25.7 | 11.6 | 11.3 | 10.6 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 6.1 | 2 | 3.5 | 6.1 | 2.8 | 8 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 7 |