Table 2 Examples of inactivating mutations in enamel matrix protein genes among edentulous and enamelless amniotes with genome sequences
From: Molecular decay of enamel matrix protein genes in turtles and other edentulous amniotes
Taxon | Inactivating mutations | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | ENAM | AMBN | AMEL |
Cryptodira | None | None | Possible shared frameshift mutations in exon 2 (see AF9) |
Chrysemys | AF1 Insertions: 65, 271, 411, 485, 994-1138 (Cry), 2526-2529, 2559-2571, 3268 | AF3 Insertions: 956-957, 972, 1051-1052 | AF7 Deletion: 106 |
AF1 Deletions: 588, 1264-1276, 3325-3343 | AF3 Deletions: 497-498, 605-611, 794-804, 984-985 | Â | |
Pelodiscus | Gene not recovered | Gene not recovered | AF7 Deletions: 122-125, 208, 271, 276 |
Neognathae | AF1 Insertions: 1985-1989, 2143-2144, | AF3 Deletion: 515-524 | AF7 Deletions: 134 (with subsequent deletion of one additional bp in Taeniopygia), 242, 709-710 |
AF1 Deletions: 2634-2637, 3353-3758 | |||
Galloanserae | AF1 Deletion: 1189-1192 | None | AF7 Deletions: 173-174, 282-289 |
Anas | AF1 Insertions: 552-562, 2031-2040 | AF3 Deletions: 216-217, 226, 455, 727-728 | AF7 Insertions: 152, 181 |
AF1 Deletions: 2626-2627 | AF7 Deletion: 88-94 | ||
Gallus + Meleagris | AF1 Insertion: 2654 | None | AF7 Insertion: 484 |
AF1 Deletion: 3263-3267 | |||
Gallus | AF1 Insertions: 512, 930-931 | AF3 Insertions: 225, 230 | AF7 Deletion: 275-276 |
AF1 Deletions: 126-127, 585-595 | |||
Meleagris | AF1 Insertion: 2438-2441 | Gene not recovered | AF7 Deletion: 359 |
Taeniopygia + Melopsittacus | AF1 Deletion: 2958 | None | None |
Taeniopygia | AF1 Deletion: 3318 | AF3 Deletions: 578, 612-613 | AF7 Deletions: 378, 407-417 |
Melopsittacus | AF1 Insertions: 231, 2239 | AF3 Stop codon: 708-710 | AF7 Insertion: 105 |
AF1 Deletions: 432-433, 452-453, 504-505 | AF7 Deletions: 91–94, 387 | ||
Dasypus | See Meredith et al. [2] | None | AF11 Deletion: 3’ end of intron 6, including the acceptor splice site, and the first 14 bp of exon 7 (665–678), which includes the last amino acid and the stop codon |
Choloepus | See Meredith et al. [2] | Splice site mutation: AG to AT at intron 2 acceptor site (gb|ti|1338556193) | AF11 Deletions: 45–55, 600 |
AF11 Initiation codon mutation: ATG to ACG (13–15) | |||
AF11 Stop codon: 356-358 | |||
Orycteropus | See Meredith et al. [2] | AF5 Deletions: 415-651 (all of exon 6), 1241-1253 | AF11 Stop codons: 239–241, 299-301 |
| Â | Â | AF5 Stop codon: 388-390 | Â |