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Table 3 Neutrality and mismatch distribution tests for population expansions within Heterandria formosa

From: Paleoclimatic modeling and phylogeography of least killifish, Heterandria formosa: insights into Pleistocene expansion-contraction dynamics and evolutionary history of North American Coastal Plain freshwater biota

Group

N

F S

R 2

r

Ï„

Expansion time (ka)

WCP region

8

0.288**

0.201**

0.240 ns

1.195 [0.000, 10.393]

24.5 [0.0, 213.4]

ACP region

9

0.241

0.178**

0.169 ns

1.498 [0.000, 3.119]

30.8 [0.0, 64.0]

SAMOVA group1

10

0.218

0.169**

0.061 ns

1.672 [0.000, 9.023]

34.3 [0.0, 185.3]

SAMOVA group 2

115

-0.267

0.090**

0.058 ns

2.408 [1.256, 3.031]

49.4 [25.8, 62.2]

SAMOVA group 3

51

-0.053

0.108**

0.095 ns

0.992 [0.492, 1.615]

20.4 [10.1, 33.2]

SAMOVA group 4

23

0.081

0.133**

0.482 ns

3.000 [0.410, 3.172]

61.6 [8.4, 65.1]

  1. Sample sizes and coalescent simulation results for Fu’s FS, R2, Harpending’s raggedness index (r), and mutation time parameter τ calculated from a sudden-expansion demographic model. Multiple tests supported population expansions for each group of populations (boldface); one test supported a population bottleneck (underlined). Population expansion dates (thousands of years ago, ka) were estimated from τ using a per-locus mutation rate (μ = 8.12 × 10-6) converted from the BEAST cytb estimate. Regional results are only presented for regions with no SAMOVA-inferred subdivision. Brackets contain 95% confidence intervals; ns, not significant; **P < 0.0001 (P < 0.02 for Fu’s FS).