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Figure 2 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Figure 2

From: Different evolutionary pathways underlie the morphology of wrist bones in hominoids

Figure 2

Results of the phylogenetic principal components analysis (PC1 and PC2) of wrist variables, and the estimated ancestral states (nodes) and rates (branches) plotted in morphospace (left) and on a phylogenetic tree (right) for the (a) hamate, (b) lunate, (c) triquetrum, (d), capitate and (e) scaphoid. Full symbols in the plot represent (observed) tip values in the tree; empty symbols in the plot represent internal nodes (estimated ancestral values) in the tree. In both the plot and tree, circles indicate New World monkeys; squares, hominoid ancestors and extant Asian apes; triangles, Pan; reverse triangles, Gorilla; diamonds, hominins. Colour gradients in the plot are allocated according to the variation of PC scores. Branch colour and hue in the tree indicate direction of change between ancestor and descendant. Figure 2e presenting the scaphoid results shows hominoids only (see Additional file 3 for an additional plot and tree including all haplorrhines).

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