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Table 2 Kinematic divergence in a stickleback species pair

From: Functional basis of ecological divergence in sympatric stickleback

Trait

pMCMC (SL)

pMCMC (ecomorph)

Limnetic value†

Benthic value†

Excursions:

  Gape

0.0004***

0.53

2.91 mm

2.81 mm

  Jaw protrusion

0.87

0.008**

1.35 mm

1.01 mm

  Cranial rotation

0.12

0.21

8.72 deg

7.12 deg

  Lower jaw rotation

0.18

0.22

25.06 deg

23.31 deg

  Strike distance

0.11

0.88

2.87 mm

2.92 mm

Timings:

  Gape

0.0034**

0.01*

4.6 ms

8 ms

  Jaw protrusion

0.10

0.13

7.8 ms

11.9 ms

  Cranial rotation

0.06

0.31

7.3 ms

9.6 ms

  Lower jaw rotation

0.04*

0.009**

5.3 ms

9.8 ms

  Prey capture

0.04*

0.049*

6.3 ms

9.9 ms

Forces:

  Attached prey

0.63

0.045*

2.3 × 10-4 N

3.1 × 10-4 N

  1. †The ecomorph values were calculated using the fixed effect of SL (set for a 40 mm fish) and the fixed effect of ecomorph from a mixed-effect model for each kinematic trait.
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.