Figure 1
From: Convergent evolution of [D-Leucine1] microcystin-LR in taxonomically disparate cyanobacteria
Microcystin chemical structures and biosynthetic enzymes. (a) [D-Leu1] microcystin-LR and (b) [D-Met1] microcystin-LR. MeAsp: D-erythro-β-methylaspartic acid. Adda: (2S,3S,8S,9S)-3-,amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4,6-dienoic acid. Mdha: N-methyldehydroalanine. X and Z are the highly variable positions. (c) NRPS and PKS involved in microcystin synthesis from Microcystis. The order of the enzymes corresponds to the assembly of microcystin (each position of the microcystin structure is indicated under each adenylation domain). N. N-methyltransferase, Ep. epimerization, TE. thioesterase domains are shown in white and the PCP. peptidyl carrier protein domain in black. Regions included in the phylogenetic analysis are indicated in grey, in addition of their respective PCP domains.