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Figure 3 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Figure 3

From: Genetics and geometry of canalization and developmental stability in Drosophila subobscura

Figure 3

Vectors of the landmarks displacements First two axes of wing shape variation for each effect in the two-way mixed MANOVA (individuals, individuals × sides interaction, and measurement error) for females from outbred crosses reared at 18°C. Also plotted are the percentages of total wing shape variation explained by the principal components for the corresponding covariance matrices.

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