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Figure 7 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Figure 7

From: Genetics and geometry of canalization and developmental stability in Drosophila subobscura

Figure 7

Vectors of the landmarks displacements First two axes of wing shape variation in the two-level nested MANOVA (karyotypes, crosses nested in karyotypes, and within crosses) for each causal component effect pertaining to the inter-individual variation in females from outbred crosses reared at 18°C. Also plotted are the percentages of total wing shape variation explained by the principal components for the corresponding covariance matrices.

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