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Table 1 Asymmetry of overall wing size for females raised at 18°C Drosophila subobscura flies raised from inbred (isogenic) and outbred crosses reared at 18°C. Centroid size (CS, estimated in a normalized form [22]) is the dependent variable (values in pixels2: 1 mm = 144 pixels). The ANOVAs assess measurement error, directional asymmetry (Sides effect), fluctuating asymmetry (Individuals × Sides interaction effect), and genetic components of the trait () and DA of the trait ((DA)). (CS) and (DACS) provide here unbiased estimates of the among-fly (i.e. ) and within-fly ( or FA) special environmental effects. ( means 'nested in'.)

From: Genetics and geometry of canalization and developmental stability in Drosophila subobscura

  

Inbred

Outbred

Source of variation

Variance component

d.f.

Mean Square

Estimated variance

d.f.

Mean Square

Estimated variance

Individuals (I)

 

107

39.747***

9.6175

215

45.773***

11.2830

   Karyotypes (K)

(CS)

2

114.593n.s.

0.1389

5

214.204n.s.

0.7014

   Cross K

(CS)

15

94.589***

2.7352

30

113.199***

3.4726

   Among flies

(CS)

90

28.944***

6.9166

180

29.857***

7.3040

Sides (S)

 

1

15.982***

 

1

18.549***

 

I × S

(CS)

107

1.278***

0.5467

215

0.641***

0.2225

   Karyotypes (K)

(DACS)

2

0.067n.s.

-0.0520

5

0.457n.s.

-0.0123

   Cross K

(DACS)

15

1.938

0.1239

30

0.899

0.0492

   Within flies

(DACS)

90

1.194***

0.5051

180

0.603***

0.2036

Measurement error

(CS)

216

0.184

0.1841

432

0.196

0.1962

  1. Average CS for left (L) and right (R) wings: inbred females = 0.9918 mm, = 0.9891 ; outbred females = 1.0022, = 1.0002.
  2. n.s. P > 0.10; 0.10 >P > 0.05; *** P < 0.001.