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Table 6 Asymmetry of overall wing shape for males raised at 18°C Same as in Table 5.

From: Genetics and geometry of canalization and developmental stability in Drosophila subobscura

 

Inbred (98.5%)

Outbred

Source of variation

Wilks' lambda

df 1

df 2

P

Wilks' lambda

df 1

df 2

P

Individuals (I)

7.18 × 10-12

1605

1464

<0.001

3.51 × 10-14

4730

4442

<0.001

   Karyotypes (K)

0.004

30

2

0.633

2.49 × 10-4

110

48

0.006

   Cross K

1.61 × 10-4

225

843

<0.001

2.98 × 10-4

660

2932

<0.001

   Among flies

1.47 × 10-8

1350

1457

<0.001

3.62 × 10-11

3960

4430

<0.001

Sides (S)

0.658

15

93

<0.001

0.569

22

194

<0.001

I × S

5.58 × 10-8

1605

3083

<0.001

1.28 × 10-10

4730

9192

<0.001

   Karyotypes (K)

0.004

30

2

0.605

0.003

110

48

0.449

   Cross K

0.068

225

843

0.236

0.019

660

2932

0.036

   Within flies

3.05 × 10-7

1350

3070

<0.001

1.73 × 10-9

3960

9169

<0.001