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Table 1 Rates of nucleotide substitution in protein-coding mtDNA from corals, plants, and bilateral animals.

From: No variation and low synonymous substitution rates in coral mtDNA despite high nuclear variation

 

Time of divergence (MY)

KS/yra

KA/yra

B. elegans vs. T. coccinea (corals, Anthozoa)

50

0.056 (0.020)

0.019 (0.006)

Rice vs. maize[26] (Angiosperms)

50

0.05 (0.01)

0.02 (0.00)

Tegula verrucosa vs. T. viridula[36,79] (topsnails; Lophotrochozoa)

3

5.7 (0.93)

0.033 (0.033)

Alpheus panamensis vs. A. formosus A[80] (snapping shrimp; Ecdysozoa)

3

8.6 (1.38)

0.0

Echinometra vanbrunti vs. E. lucunter[81] (sea urchins; invertebrate Deuterostoma)

3

8.1 (1.27)

0.036 (0.036)

Abudefduf saxatilis vs. A. troschelli[82] (damselfish; vertebrate Deuterostoma)

3

4.5 3 (0.36)

-

Sphyrna tiburo tiburo vs. S. t. vespertina[33] (sharks; vertebrate Deuterostoma)

3

2.4 (0.41)

0.056 (0.033)

  1. a Rates are in units of % substitutions per site per 106 years. KS, synonymous substitutions per synonymous site; KA, nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site. All estimates for fragments of coxI except angiosperms (mean of several mitochondrial genes, including coxI) and Sphyrna (cytochrome b).