Skip to main content

Table 5 Fossil calibrations used to anchor molecular date estimates.

From: Phylogeny and divergence of the pinnipeds (Carnivora: Mammalia) assessed using a multigene dataset

Divergence

Date

Source(s)

Node

Canids from arctoid carnivores

43.5

[127]

1

Pinniped and ursid split

19.5

[17]

2

Split between Phocidae and Otariidae + Odobenidae

23

[2]

3

Odobenoids first evolved

18

[2]

4

Monachinae-Phocinae split

16

[1, 55, 128]

18

Split between Monachus and other southern phocids

8

[71, 128]

28

Split between Mirounga + Lobodontini

7

[71, 128]

29

Origin of Callorhinus

6

[56]

5

  1. All dates (in millions of years ago) also represent minimum age constraints.