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Table 1 Catalysed synthesis of nucleic acid components and precursors from formamide

From: Formamide as the main building block in the origin of nucleic acids

 

Pyrimidines

Imidazoles

Purines

Catalyst\Product

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Silica

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

+

-

-

Alumina

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+++++

-

+

-

-

Kaolin

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+++++

-

-

-

-

Zeolite

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+++++

-

+

-

-

CaCO3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+++++

-

-

-

-

KP-10 Claya

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

+++

-

-

-

++

++++

+++

++

-

+

K-30 Claya

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

+++

-

-

-

++++

+

++++

++++

-

-

KSF Claya

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

+++

-

-

++++

+++

++++

+

+++

-

+

Al-PILC Claya

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

+++

-

-

+++

+

+++

+

+

-

+

TiO2

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

+

+

-

-

-

+++

+++

++

+

-

MgFeSiO4

+

-

-

-

++

+

-

-

+++

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Mg1.5Fe0.5SiO4

+

-

-

-

++

-

-

-

++++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mg0.5Fe1.5SiO4

-

-

-

-

+++++

+

-

-

+++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Fe2SiO4

+

-

-

-

+++++

+

-

-

+++++

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Mg2SiO4

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Na3PO4

+

+

++

-

-

+

-

-

++++

-

-

-

-

+++

-

-

-

-

Na4P2O7

-

+

+

-

-

+

-

+

+++

-

-

-

-

++

-

+

-

+

Na5P3O9

-

+

++

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Turquoisec

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

++

-

-

-

-

++

-

-

-

-

Childrenitec

+

-

+++++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ludlamitec

-

-

+++++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Vivianitec

+

-

++++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Vauxitec

-

-

++++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Lazulitec

-

-

+++

-

-

+

-

-

+

-

+

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Hureaulitec

-

+

-

-

-

+

-

-

++

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Augelitec

-

-

+++

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Wavellitec

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Libethenitec

-

+

+

-

-

+

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Pyromorphitec

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

  1. a: Montmorillonite clays, b: Cosmic Dust Analogues, c: phosphate minerals. Data from [22] for the syntheses catalyzed by silica, alumina, kaolin, zeolites, and CaCO3; from [23] for TiO2; from [24] for clays and from [25] for olivines; from [26] for the soluble and mineral phosphates, as listed; mg of product per gram of formamide. +: 0.1–5.0 mg; ++: 5–10 mg; +++: 10–20 mg; ++++: 20–40 mg; +++++: >40 mg. Products are: 1 = Urea; 2 = Carbodiimide; 3 = N-Formylglycine; 4 = Hydroxypyrimidine; 5 = 4(3H)-Pyrimidinone; 6 = Uracil; 7 = 5-Hydroxymethyluracil; 8 = Dihydroxyuracil; 9 = Cytosine; 10 = Thymine; 11 = Parabanic acid; 12 = AICA: 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide; 13 = fAICA: 5-Formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide; 14 = Purine; 15 = N9-formylpurine; 16 = Adenine; 17 = N9, N6-Diformyladenine; 18 = Hypoxanthine.
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BMC Ecology and Evolution

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