Timing and deciphering mitochondrial DNA macro-haplogroup R0 variability in Central Europe and Middle East

Table 5 Age estimates of R0 subclades.

Hg	N	τ	T ± ΔT (kya) (CR)^a	ρ^b (CR)	T ± ΔT (kya) (CR)^c	ρ^b (HVS-I)	T ± ΔT (kya) (HVS-I)^c	T ± ΔT (kya) (HVS-I)^d	T ± ΔT (kya) (Coding Region)^e
H	346	3.3	18.7 ± 2.4	1.19	11.0 ± 1.5	0.86	17.4 ± 4.1	n.d.^f	18.4 ± 2.0
H1 (w/o H1a)	295	2.6	13.0 ± 0.9	1.29	12.0 ± 2.6	0.56	12.0 ± 3.2	15.2 ± 5.1	12.8 ± 2.4
H1a	40	3.3	18.7 ± 2.4	2.03	18.7 ± 6.7	n.d.	n.d.	6.4 ± 3.6	n.d.
H10	44	2.3	13.1 ± 5.8	0.75	6.9 ± 3.0	0.59	11.9 ± 5.9	n.d.	n.d.
H11	35	1.9	10.8 ± 7.3	1.57	14.5 ± 4.1	1.03	20.7 ± 7.8	43.9 ± 18.5	n.d.
H13a1	37	1.9	10.8 ± 1.9	0.85	8.0 ± 3.0	0.49	9.8 ± 5.7	n.d.	n.d.
H14	18	4.5	25.6 ± 5.4	2.24	20.7 ± 8.3	1.18	23.7 ± 8.6	n.d.	n.d.
H15	20	1.8	10.2 ± 3.4	1.10	10.2 ± 4.1	0.10	2.0 ± 1.4	n.d.	n.d.
H16	18	2.8	16.0 ± 6.6	0.55	5.1 ± 2.4	0.39	7.9 ± 4.9	n.d.	n.d.
H2a	61	3.4	19.3 ± 2.0	1.89	17.4 ± 7.1	0.69	13.9 ± 8.0	12.3 ± 4.6	n.d.
H3	76	1.8	10.2 ± 5.0	1.11	10.2 ± 2.8	0.76	15.4 ± 6.0	16.0 ± 8.1	10.3 ± 2.4
H4	33	1.7	9.7 ± 3.0	0.79	7.3 ± 3.5	0.18	3.7 ± 2.1	11.5 ± 5.4	n.d.
H5	124	2.4	13.6 ± 1.2	0.98	9.0 ± 1.7	0.66	13.3 ± 3.3	12.6 ± 4.4	n.d.
H6	42	1.7	9.7 ± 3.1	0.81	7.5 ± 2.0	0.45	9.1 ± 2.8	3.4 ± 1.7	n.d.
H7	53	2.9	16.5 ± 5.2	1.09	10.1 ± 3.5	0.89	17.9 ± 7.4	16.1 ± 7.4	n.d.
HV0	45	3.0	17.0 ± 2.0	1.44	13.4 ± 3.8	0.47	9.4 ± 3.3	n.d.	12.4 ± 2.5 ^g
R0a	20	6.1	35.0 ± 6.6	2.85	26.4 ± 9.1	1.50	30.3 ± 12.4	n.d.	n.d.

Concordant estimates (those showing overlapping intervals) are bold.
^a Estimate of the time of the most recent common ancestor of each cluster, using the demographic parameter τ inferred from the entire mtDNA control region (nps 16024–16569; 1–576)
^b Average number of base substitutions in the mtDNA entire CR (nps 16024–16569; 1–576) or HVS-I (nps 16024–16365) from the ancestral sequence type (rho statistics)
^c Estimate of the TMRCA of each cluster, using rho statistics inferred from entire CR or HVS-I sequences
^d Estimate of the TMRCA as published in [17] based on HVS-I sequences
^e Estimate of the TMRCA as published in [6] based on the mtDNA coding region (nps 577–16023) sequences
^f n.d.: not determined
^g Estimate was derived for hg V.

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