Taxon | Wing-bars | Movements | Appr. preferred breeding elevation [m] | Preferred spectrum of breeding habitat |
---|---|---|---|---|
E. martinica | 2 | sedentary | 0 – 1000 | Scrub to forest |
E. flavogaster | 2 | sedentary; some Mexican populations migrate | 0 – 1500 | Scrub/savannah to light woodland, also riparian growth |
E. spectabilis | 3 | austral migrant | 0 – 800 | Forest border and thickets, riparian growth (heavier vegetation than E. flavogaster) |
E. albiceps | 2 | austral migrant (E. a. chilensis) and sedentary | 0 – 3300 | Scrub to beech forest |
E. parvirostris | 3 | austral migrant | 0 – 1000 | Forest border to open areas, riparian vegetation |
E. mesoleuca | 2 | mostly sedentary, southern populations migratory | 0 – 2000 | Forest, gallery forest |
E. strepera | 2 | austral migrant | 500 – 2000 | Forest border, streamside vegetation |
E. gigas | 2 | sedentary | 350 – 1500 | Riparian growth, clearings |
E. pelzelni | 3 | sedentary | 0 – 200 | Riparian growth along Amazon, river-island habitat |
E. cristata | 2 | mostly sedentary, some populations migratory | 0 – 1500 | Savannah and cerrado |
E. [chiriquensis] albivertex | 2 | mostly sedentary, some populations migratory | 0 – 2000 | Scrub, cerrado, open woodland, riverine vegetation |
E. [chiriquensis] brachyptera | 2 | sedentary | 700 – 2800 | Forest border to lighter woodland |
E. ruficeps | 2 | sedentary | 0 – 1400 | Cerrado, savanna, white-sand formations |
E. frantzii | 2 | sedentary, some altitudinal and latitudinal migration | 750 – 3600 | Forest to borders |
E. [f.] fallax | 2 | sedentary | 500 – 2000 | Forest to borders |
E. [f.] cherriei | 2 | sedentary | 500 – 2000 | Forest to borders |
E. [o.] obscura | 2 | sedentary | 1700 – 3000 | Forest to woodland |
E. [o.] sordida | 2 | sedentary | 0 – 2000 | Forest to woodland |
E. dayi | 2 | sedentary | 1800 – 2600 | Forest to stunted savanna |
E. [p.] pallatangae | 2 | sedentary | 1500 – 3000 | Forest border to scrub |
E. [p.] olivina | 2 | sedentary | 900 – 2400 | Forest border to scrub |