Table 5 Inferences from the nested clade distance analysis in Chinese range of P. nigromaculata.

clade A

5-1 (4)

1-2-11-12-NO

Contiguous range expansion

5-2 (2)

1-19-20-2-11-12-NO

Contiguous range expansion

4-1 (2)

1-2-3-4-NO

Restricted gene flow with isolation by distance

4-2 (2)

1-2-3-4-9-10-NO

Fragmentation or isolation by distance

4-5 (2)

1-19-20-2-3-4-9-NO

Allopatric fragmentation

4-6 (3)

1-2-3-4-9-NO

Allopatric fragmentation

3-1 (2)

1-2-3-5-6-15-NO

Past fragmentation or long-distance colonization

3-11 (2)

1-2-3-5-6-13-14-YES

Range expansion, long-distance colonization or past fragmentation

3-12 (2)

1-2-3-4-9-10-NO

Fragmentation or isolation by distance

3-13 (2)

1-2-3-5-6-13-YES

Long-distance colonization or past fragmentation

2-19 (5)

1-2-3-5-6-13-14-YES

Range expansion, long-distance colonization or past fragmentation

2-30 (3)

1-2-11-17-4-NO

Restricted gene flow with isolation by distance

clade B

Total cladogram B (3)

1-2-11-12-NO

Contiguous range expansion

1-2 (4)

1-2-11-17-4-NO

Restricted gene flow with isolation by distance