Figure 1

Haplotype networks of Wolbachia strain wFex1 (1a) and wFex4 (1b) wsp haplotypes, and the phylogeny of the mtDNA haplotypes (1c) in Formica rufa group ants. Only wsp haplotypes that shared mutated nucleotides between two or more ant specimens are included. Lines connecting wsp haplotypes represent a single mutation. Arrow lines indicate nonsynonymous substitutions. For each wsp haplotype, the box includes the sample code (Table 1) and the letter outside the box gives the mtDNA haplotype. Those parts of the networks that indicate vertical transmission (i.e. related wsp haplotypes share the same mtDNA type) are circled with dotted lines. The tree of the mitochondrial haplotypes from [20] includes only haplotypes of the samples used in this study. Numbers above lines indicate how many mutations have taken place in that lineage (numbers above 3 are shown). The figure is not drawn to scale.