Figure 13From: General functions to transform associate data to host data, and their use in phylogenetic inference from sequences with intra-individual variabilityFRQ character transformation: a numerical example. This example illustrates the transformation of characters according to FRQ: (a) hypothetical three-character nucleotide alignment for the associates A1 to A5; (b) distribution of the associates on the hosts H1 and H2; (c) the three associate characters transformed to twelve (three times the number of character states) characters of the host. The standardized Euclidean distance between H1 and H2 calculated from these characters is 0.180.Back to article page