Table 1 List of currently described Luciogobius species and additional taxa sampled in this study.

Luciogobius

   elongatus

interstitial, intertidal gravel beach

38–44

scale; first dorsal fin

   adapel

interstitial, gravel bed (20–40 m b.s.l.)

50

scale; first and second dorsal, anal, pelvic

   grandis

interstitial, intertidal gravel beach

40–42

scale; first dorsal fin

   platycephalus

interstitial, intertidal gravel beach

41–42

scale; first dorsal fin

   parvulus

interstitial, intertidal gravel beach

41–43

scale; first dorsal and pelvic fins

   guttatus

under stone in estuary or protected rocky shore

35–39

scale; first dorsal fin

   pallidus

mudshrimp burrow, underground water

37

scale; eye; first dorsal fin; chromatophore

   Albus^†

anchialine cave, underground water

30–31

scale; eye; first dorsal fin; chromatophore

   dormitoris^†

estuary (habitat little known)

36

scale; eye; first dorsal fin; chromatophore

   brevipterus^†

habitat information unavailable

35

scale; first dorsal fin

   martellii^†

habitat information unavailable

33

scale; first dorsal fin

   sp.

interstitial, intertidal gravel beach

45–46

scale; first dorsal fin

Inu

   koma

intertidal rocky shore

31–32

scale reduced; first dorsal fin

   saikaiensis

intertidal rocky shore

32–33

scale; first dorsal fin

Gen.

   sp. 1

intertidal rocky shore, underground water

34–35

scale; first dorsal fin

   sp. 2

intertidal rocky shore

37

scale; first dorsal fin

Clariger

   cosmurus

subtidal rocky shore

33

scale; first dorsal fin

   Exilis

subtidal rocky shore

33

scale; first dorsal fin

Astrabe

   flavimaculata

subtidal rocky shore

30

first dorsal fin reduced

Chaenogobius

   gulosus

subtidal rocky shore

33

Gymnogobius

   isaza

freshwater lake

33

   urotaenia

freshwater lake, river

32

Typhlogobius

   californiensis

intertidal rocky shore, mudshrimp burrow

30–32

eye, chromatophore

Eutaeniichthys

   gilli

estuary

39

Leucopsarion

   petersi

anadromous, migratory (pelagic in the sea)

33

first dorsal fin