Figure 2

Evolution of phenotypic diversity under random mating in the full and the null model. For an explanation of terms and measures see Methods. A Evolution of niche-fitness (equation 2) in the full and the null model. B Evolution of the difference in niche-fitness between hybrids and non-hybrids in the full and the null model. C Evolution of morph heterogeneity in the full and the null model. D Evolution of morph cohesion in the full and the null model. E and F Distribution of phenotypes present in the population at time 500000, for the full (E) and null (F) model. A random 10% sample of individuals are taken from the population. Phenotypes of individuals are determined by the state of their 20 phenotype genes (see Methods). Black: gene not expressed, white: gene expressed. Individuals (rows) are clustered based on phenotype similarity, phenotype genes (columns) are clustered based on across population expression pattern similarity. G and H Distribution of niches on which the population has specialized at time 500000, for the full (G) and null (H) model. The same 10% sample of individuals as in E and F are shown. Niches to which individuals have the lowest HD are shown. A niche is characterized by the phenotype gene expression pattern needed to be perfectly adapted to that niche (see Methods). Black: gene that should be off in this niche; white: gene that should be on in this niche. Note that for comparison purposes individuals (rows) and niche properties (columns) are clustered the same as in E and F, respectively. I and J Snapshots of the distribution of individuals on a 25% part of the grid world at time 500000 in the full (I) and null (J) model. Black: empty spot; grey: organisms with HD > 3 to their nearest niche; colors: organisms with HD < = 3 to their nearest niche, with different colors indicating different nearest niches.