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Table 2 Mean absolute amounts of odor compounds (± SEM; ng h-1) in headspace samples of Silene latifolia flowers (asterisks (*) indicate significant differences between female and male amounts within populations).

From: How to be an attractive male: floral dimorphism and attractiveness to pollinators in a dioecious plant

 

Switzerland

Spain

Compounds1

Females (N = 123)

Mean ± SE

Males (N = 79)

Mean ± SE

Females (N = 217)

Mean ± SE

Males (N = 136)

Mean ± SE

Fatty Acid Derivates 2

0.33%

0.13%

0.37%

0.17%

Octanal

0.43 ± 0.14

0.33 ± 0.10

0.11 ± 0.01 *

0.10 ± 0.03

Nonanal3

0.24 ± 0.02

0.20 ± 0.03

0.19 ± 0.02 *

0.13 ± 0.02

Aromatics 2

41.41%

43.82%

57.58%

59.56%

Benzaldehyde3

0.59 ± 0.08

0.48 ± 0.08

1.14 ± 0.18

0.94 ± 0.11

Phenylacetaldehyde4

3.49 ± 0.66

3.85 ± 1.53

34.80 ± 4.02 *

45.93 ± 6.07

2-Methoxy phenol4

0.68 ± 0.11 *

1.15 ± 0.21

0.08 ± 0.01

0.19 ± 0.04

Methyl benzoate3

0.04 ± 0.01 *

0.80 ± 0.46

0.06 ± 0.01 *

0.06 ± 0.01

2-Phenylethanol3

0.28 ± 0.13

0.31 ± 0.13

3.02 ± 0.54 *

2.26 ± 0.30

Veratrole4

72.94 ± 14.95 *

173.27 ± 25.43

1.88 ± 1.41 *

7.28 ± 3.53

Methyl salicylate3

0.85 ± 0.10 *

1.14 ± 0.34

5.41 ± 0.81 *

4.01 ± 0.84

Benzyl benzoate3

5.22 ± 3.20 *

3.95 ± 1.01

0.58 ± 0.11 *

0.34 ± 0.08

Monoterpenes 2

54.55%

52.67%

33.73%

37.24%

α-Pinene

0.16 ± 0.01 *

0.12 ± 0.02

0.13 ± 0.01 *

0.08 ± 0.01

Camphene

0.16 ± 0.01

0.14 ± 0.02

0.12 ± 0.01 *

0.08 ± 0.01

β-Pinene

0.10 ± 0.01 *

0.06 ± 0.01

0.10 ± 0.01 *

0.06 ± 0.01

Limonene

0.46 ± 0.04

0.36 ± 0.03

0.36 ± 0.02 *

0.23 ± 0.02

Eucalyptol

0.52 ± 0.11 *

0.86 ± 0.17

0.76 ± 0.10

0.72 ± 0.11

Trans-β-Ocimene3

1.25 ± 0.53

1.95 ± 0.84

1.73 ± 0.25

1.23 ± 0.27

Linalool4

0.14 ± 0.01

0.11 ± 0.01

0.15 ± 0.01 *

0.08 ± 0.01

Lilac aldehyde A4

36.63 ± 4.34 *

80.64 ± 8.02

8.41 ± 1.21

19.34 ± 3.83

Lilac aldehyde B4

61.92 ± 7.02 *

122.04 ± 12.12

13.81 ± 1.88

24.89 ± 5.13

Lilac aldehyde C4/Benzyl acetate

7.29 ± 2.09 *

11.99 ± 2.43

1.37 ± 0.21

2.20 ± 0.40

Lilac alcohol3

2.15 ± 0.25 *

4.05 ± 0.38

0.58 ± 0.07

1.01 ± 0.18

Sesquiterpenes 2

0.05%

0.01%

0.09%

0.02%

B-Farnesene

0.11 ± 0.02 *

0.05 ± 0.01

0.07 ± 0.02

0.03 ± 0.00

Irregular terpenes 2

0.05%

0.02%

0.12%

0.04%

6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one

0.11 ± 0.02

0.10 ± 0.02

0.10 ± 0.01

0.06 ± 0.01

Unidentified with Kovat's retention index ( R I ) 2

3.61%

3.35%

8.11%

2.95%

Unknown 1 (978)

0.99 ± 0.10

0.95 ± 0.12

0.90 ± 0.08 *

0.65 ± 0.08

Unknown 2 (992)

3.63 ± 0.41 *

2.47 ± 0.55

4.98 ± 0.66 *

1.86 ± 0.23

Unknown 3 (1009)

0.09 ± 0.01

0.05 ± 0.01

0.09 ± 0.02 *

0.02 ± 0.01

unknown 4 (1112)

0.29 ± 0.06 *

0.82 ± 0.11

0.14 ± 0.02 *

0.26 ± 0.04

unknown 5 (1191)

2.33 ± 0.36 *

9.85 ± 1.20

0.51 ± 0.06 *

1.17 ± 0.19

  1. 1 Compounds within a chemical class ordered according to retention time.
  2. 2The relative contribution of each chemical class is given in bold (in %).
  3. 3Electrophysiologically (GC-EAD) and 4behaviorally active odor compounds in Hadena bicruris as described by Dötterl et al. (2005, 2006) and personal communication [17, 20].