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Table 2 Estimates of mean divergence times, and respective 95% HPD intervals given by Bayesian analyses of cytochrome b nucleotide sequences.

From: The taxonomic status of the endangered thin-spined porcupine, Chaetomys subspinosus(Olfers, 1818), based on molecular and karyologic data

Nodes

CLOC

UCLN

Geological epoch

 

Mean

95% HPD

Mean

95% HPD

 

Hystricomorpha

44.5

39.2–50.1

47.1

39.8–55.3

Middle Eocene

Ctenodactylidae

15.6

12.2–19.3

16.1

10.0–22.2

Middle Miocene

Hystricognathi

41.7

37.4–46.6

43.7

37.9–50.1

Middle Eocene

Bathyergidae

19.3

14.8–24.0

20.1

12.8–27.7

Early Miocene

Caviomorpha

34.8

33.1–36.6

34.8

33.0–36.5

Late Eocene

Erethizontidae

21.2

17.0–25.4

21.0

15.1–27.0

Early Miocene

Erethizontinae

7.4

5.6–9.2

7.7

5.1–10.4

Late Miocene

Coendou + Sphiggurus

4.1

2.9–5.4

4.2

2.5–6.0

Early Pliocene

Coendou

0.1

0.04–0.2

0.1

0.04–0.2

Pleistocene

Sphiggurus

0.3

0.2–0.5

0.3

0.2–0.5

Pleistocene

Octodontoidea

25.8

24.1–27.3

25.8

24.2–27.5

Late Oligocene

Echimyidae

20.0

18.5–21.5

20.0

18.4–21.7

Early Miocene

Ctenomyidae

5.6

4.2–7.2

5.6

3.4–8.1

Late Miocene

Octodontidae

12.3

9.8–14.5

12.5

9.2–16.1

Middle Miocene

Cavioidea

24.1

20.3–27.8

23.1

18.1–28.0

Late Oli.-Early Mio.

Caviidae

19.5

15.5–23.7

19.1

13.6–25.1

Early Miocene

  1. Estimates of divergence times expressed in million years. CLOC: rates conformed to a molecular clock. UCLN: rates uncorrelated, with the rate in each branch independently drawn from a lognormal distribution. HPD: highest posterior densities. The geological epochs corresponding to divergence times followed the 1999 Geologic Time Scale of the Geological Society of America. Oli.: Oligocene; Mio.: Miocene.