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Table 2 Differences in thermal tolerance among the species and populations of the A. brunneus complex

From: Thermal niche evolution and geographical range expansion in a species complex of western Mediterranean diving beetles

A) General ANOVA

       
 

Comparison

Sum of squares

d.f.

Quadratic mean

F

Sig.

Power

UTL

species

2.1

2

1.0

0.46

0.6

0.12

 

population

72.1

4

18.0

27.20

<0.001

1.00

LTL

species

77.8

2

38.9

10.90

<0.001

0.99

 

population

113.8

4

28.4

9.87

<0.001

1.00

B) post-hoc Tukey

       
       

c.i. (95 %)

 

Comparison

sp (I)

sp (J)

Mean difference (I-J)

Std.e.

Sig.

Lower limit

Upper limit

UTL

species

1

2

–0.42

0.50

0.7

–1.63

0.79

   

3

0.04

0.57

1.0

–1.33

1.41

  

2

3

0.46

0.58

0.7

–0.94

1.86

 

population

1

2

3.69

0.37

<0.001

2.62

4.75

  

3

4

1.37

0.47

<0.05

0.04

2.69

LTL

species

1

2

–2.96

0.65

< 0.001

–4.53

–1.40

   

3

–1.80

0.69

<0.05

–3.47

–0.13

  

2

3

1.16

0.73

0.26

–0.61

2.94

 

population

1

2

2.70

0.76

<0.01

0.52

4.87

  

3

4

0.08

10.96

1.0

–3.11

3.14

  1. In “comparison”, “species” refer to the comparison of the three species (pooling the two populations of A. ramblae and A. brunneus respectively; 1, A. brunneus; 2, A. ramblae; 3, A. rufulus); “population” refers to the comparison of the five populations (1, A. brunneus from south Spain, Cádiz; 2, A. brunneus from northeast Spain, Girona; 3, A. ramblae from southeast Spain, Murcia; 4, A. ramblae from central Morocco, Tinghir). UTL, upper thermal limit; LTL, lower thermal limit; d.f., degrees of freedom; Sig., significance; Std.e, standard error; c.i. confidence interval.