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Table 5 Diversification dynamics of Calisto as reconstructed by the R package laser

From: Causes of endemic radiation in the Caribbean: evidence from the historical biogeography and diversification of the butterfly genus Calisto(Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini)

Diversification rates forCalisto

 

LH

AIC

r1

r2

r3

a

X

k

t_shift1

t_shift2

ΔAIC (yule-3-rates)

pb

−32.301

66.602

0.07

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13.32

bd

−32.301

68.602

0.07

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

15.32

ddx

−28.705

61.41

0.394

-

-

-

0.599

-

-

-

8.124

*ddl

−26.579

57.158

0.175

-

-

-

-

40.119

-

-

3.871

spvar

−28.84

63.681

0.229

-

-

0.004

-

-

-

-

10.39

exvar

−32.36

70.721

0.069

-

-

0.014

-

-

-

-

17.43

bothvar

−28.826

65.653

0.227

-

-

0.004

-

-

-

-

12.37

yule-2-rates

−26.056

58.112

0.094

0.014

-

-

-

-

4.079

-

4.826

*yule-3-rates

−21.643

53.286

0.21

0.083

0.007

-

-

-

20.903

4.058

0

Diversification rates for Calisto excluding Cuban clade

 

LH

AIC

r 1

r 2

r 3

a

X

k

t_shift 1

t_shift 2

ΔAIC (ddl)

pb

−33.893

69.787

0.056

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11.19

bd

−33.893

71.787

0.056

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

13.19

ddx

−29.428

62.855

0.55

-

-

-

0.889

-

-

-

4.258

*ddl

−27.299

58.597

0.186

-

-

-

-

24.646

-

-

0

spvar

−29.332

64.664

0.253

-

-

0.004

-

-

-

-

6.066

exvar

−33.951

73.902

0.055

-

-

0.018

-

-

-

-

15.3

bothvar

−29.323

66.646

0.251

-

-

0.004

-

-

-

-

8.048

*yule-2-rates

−28.178

62.355

0.073

0.016

-

-

-

-

5.11

-

3.758

*yule-3-rates

−25.313

60.626

0.21

0.055

0.008

-

-

-

20.903

5.079

2.029

  1. The best models for our data is either DDL or yule-3-rates, which are highlighted in bold text and with an asterisk (*). Both models, nonetheless, predict a decreasing in diversification rates through time. Excluding the Cuban clade resulted in DDL, yule-2 or yule-3-rates as the main processes for the diversification of Hispaniolan lineages. LH: the best recovered log-likelihood, r i : net diversification rate at time ii - μi), a: extinction fraction (λi / μi), X: parameter controlling the magnitude of rates (only in DDX), k: parameter analogous to species “carrying capacity” (only in DDL), t_shifti: diversification shift at time i. The diversification models are pure-birth (pb), birth-death (bd), density-dependent speciation rate model following exponential (ddx) or logistic variants (ddl), exponential decline of speciation with constant extinction (spvar), exponential increase of extinction with constant speciation (exvar), speciation and extinction changes through time (bothvar), and pure birth models with n shifts in speciation (yule-n-rate).