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Table 4 Genetic selection gradients for offspring (i.e. based on genetic covariance of traits with seedling height –HTOT– and/or survival –SUR– as proxies of fitness; see Methods) and response to selection (R) in two experimental conditions in maritime pine

From: Environment-dependent microevolution in a Mediterranean pine (Pinus pinasterAiton)

Trait

Environment controlled conditions(Experiment 1)

Outdoor semi-natural conditions(Experiment 2)

HTOT

HTOT

SUR

Selection gradient

S.E.

R

S.E.

Selection gradient

S.E.

R

S.E.

Selection gradient

S.E.

R

S.E.

LMF

0.2466

0.4444

0.020

0.037

NE

NE

0

0

NE

NE

NE

NE

SMF

1.4059

0.3697

0.121

0.048

−1.2667

5.3920

−0.008

0.027

2.1487

12.2429

0.012

0.062

RMF

−0.6386

0.4441

−0.048

0.038

0.3422

1.4835

0.007

0.029

−2.0826

2.9119

−0.052

0.069

DW

1.0307

0.5029

0.048

0.030

NE

NE

NE

NE

3.3621

1.1801

0.289

0.104

SLA

0.8369

0.7142

0.039

0.033

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NSU

0.7501

0.3275

0.078

0.045

NE

NE

NE

NE

4.3425

2.2636

0.217

0.089

HON3

1.5480

0.898

0.052

0.033

1.0725

0.2516

0.120

0.052

1.8632

0.6731

0.229

0.119

m

−1.5200

0.5959

−0.082

0.036

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

NE

  1. LMF: leaf mass fraction; SMF: stem mass fraction, RMF: root mass fraction; DW: dry weight; SLA: specific leaf area; NSU: number of stem units; HON3: height at first production of axillary shoots; m: the inflection point of the growth curve.
  2. S.E. standard error of the estimates. Significant values are given in italics; NE: not estimable.