Genetic structure of fragmented southern populations of African Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer)

Smitz, Nathalie; Cornélis, Daniel; Chardonnet, Philippe; Caron, Alexandre; de Garine-Wichatitsky, Michel; Jori, Ferran; Mouton, Alice; Latinne, Alice; Pigneur, Lise-Marie; Melletti, Mario; Kanapeckas, Kimberly L; Marescaux, Jonathan; Pereira, Carlos Lopes; Michaux, Johan

doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0203-2

BMC Ecology and Evolution

Table 1 Overview of the genetic parameters at each sampling locality

From: Genetic structure of fragmented southern populations of African Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer)

Country	Sampling locality	Fig 1 ID	Area (km²)	N _TOT	N	N _a	P _a	A _r	H_O(SD)	H_E(SD)	F _is	N cluster affiliation%	C cluster affiliation%	S cluster affiliation%
South Africa	Kruger	1	19,485	40 920 [32]	26	99	0	1.636	0.659 (0.204)	0.671 (0.203)	0.012	0	96.2	3.8
South Africa	Hluhluwe-iMfolozi	2	960	4 000 [21]	20	53	2	1.545	0.536 (0.250)	0.533 (0.226)	0.001	0	0	100
Mozambique	Niassa	3	42,300	6 200 [33]	20	100	2	1.650	0.663 (0.180)	0.680 (0.226)	–0.012	95	5	0
Mozambique	Limpopo	4	11,230	200 [34]	6	57	0	1.653	0.617 (0.246)	0.653 (0.239)	0.069	0	100	0
Mozambique	Manguana	5	-	-	4	51	0	1.634	0.649 (0.282)	0.634 (0.234)	–0.021	25	75	0
Mozambique	Gorongosa	6	4000	360 (C. Pereira, Pers. Comm. - 2010)	7	61	0	1.671	0.626 (0.291)	0.671 (0.207)	0.091	0	100	0
Mozambique	Marromeu	7	11,270	> 10 300 [35]	21	76	0	1.639	0.668 (0.228)	0.639 (0.225)	–0.062	95.2	4.8	0
Zimbabwe	Nyakasanga	8	1000	Unknown	2	36	1	1.806	0.542 (0.401)	0.597 (0.395)	0.063	100	0	0
Zimbabwe	Malilangwe	9	405	Unknown	20	97	2	1.659	0.636 (0.225)	0.659 (0.244)	0.008	35	55	10
Zimbabwe	Crooks corner	10	- Part of transfrontalier PA	-	13	81	1	1.634	0.581 (0.205)	0.634 (0.236)	0.058	0	100	0
Zimbabwe	Mana pools	11	6766	Unknown	10	90	1	1.700	0.641 (0.318)	0.700 (0.285)	0.120	60	40	0
Zimbabwe	Gonarezhou	12	7110	2 742 [36]	42	102	1	1.636	0.601 (0.256)	0.636 (0.255)	0.029	11.9	81	7.1
Zimbabwe	Hwange	13	14,651	Hwange and adjacent area: 24 500 [37]	6	63	0	1.598	0.557 (0.295)	0.628 (0.298)	0.052	33.3	66.7	0
Zimbabwe	Victoria falls	15	23	Hwange and adjacent area: 24 500 [37]	15	96	1	1.663	0.629 (0.307)	0.663 (0.261)	0.008	66.7	26.7	6.6
Zimbabwe	Sengwe	14	- transnational corridor between Kruger and Gonarezhou	-	8	73	0	1.646	0.571 (0.253)	0.646 (0.279)	0.076	0	75	25
Botswana	Chobe	16	11,700	Northern Botswana: 39 580 [38]	22	95	1	1.641	0.612 (0.250)	0.637 (0.262)	0.067	77.3	22.7	0
Botswana	Okavango delta	17	16,000	Northern Botswana: 39 580 [38]	20	92	0	1.633	0.616 (0.254)	0.628 (0.257)	–0.003	90	5	5
Angola	Angola	18	No precise locality	-	1	22	3	1.583	0.571 (0.514)	0.571 (0.514)	-	-	-	-
Zambia	Zambia	19	No precise locality	-	1	24	0	1.667	0.714 (0.469)	0.714 (0.469)	-	-	-	-

This summarises the sample origin (country and sampling locality), size of the sampling locality in square kilometres, estimated number of buffaloes by aerial counts (N_TOT), sample size per sampling locality involved in the present study (N) and mean values for number of alleles (N_a), private alleles (P_a), allelic richness (A_r), observed (H_O) and unbiased expected heterozygosity (H_E) (and their standard deviations SD) and inbreeding coefficient (F_is) across autosomal microsatellite loci. The affiliation of each sampling locality to each cluster, expressed in percentage, is also given in the last three columns (C; Central cluster, N; Northern cluster, S; Southern cluster).

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