Higher speciation and lower extinction rates influence mammal diversity gradients in Asia

Table 3 Speciation, extinction and dispersal rate estimates (model with best support) for the tropical and non-tropical biomes for all global mammals, all Asian mammals and each of the orders

Dataset	Estimation method	Temporal	sT	sNT	sT-NT	xT	xNT	dT	dNT
All Global Mammals	Likelihood	Time constant	0.15	0.0413	0	0.076	0.510	2.73	1.52×10⁻³
All Global Mammals	MCMC	Time constant	0.159	0.04	0	0.089	0.5	2.4	0.039
All Asian mammals	Likelihood	Time Constant	0.13	0.0622	0	1.16×10⁻⁵	0.039	0.21	0.012
All Asian mammals	Likelihood	Time dependent	0.136	0.029	0	2.9×10⁻⁸	0.094	2.9×10⁻⁷	6.2×10⁻³
All Asian mammals	Likelihood	Slope of parameters	sA.m = −6.22×10⁻⁴	sB.m = 2.19×10⁻²	0	×A.m = 2.48×10⁻³	×B.m = 2.15×10⁻²	dA.m = −1.35×10⁻³	dB.m = −1.43×10⁻⁵
All Asian mammals	MCMC	Time constant	0.129	0.066	0	5.5×10⁻⁴	0.047	0.219	0.011
Rodents	Likelihood	Time constant	0.15	0.0919	0	4.71×10⁻⁹	0.04	0.17	9.3×10⁻³
Soricomorphs	Likelihood	Time constant	0.13	0.062	4.1×10⁻³	7.4×10⁻⁹	5.2×10⁻⁹	0.12	0.0189
Chiroptera	Likelihood	Time constant	0.16	0.046	0	0.076	0.449	0.98	2.23×10⁻⁷
Carnivora	Likelihood	Time constant	0.07	0.07	0	0.23	0.21	3.91	1.008
	Likelihood	Time constant	0.07	0.07	0	0.61	0.14	2.64	2.64
	Likelihood	Time constant	0.07	0.07	0	0.22	0.22	4.25	0.96
Artiodactyla	Likelihood	Time constant	0.088	0.12	0	0.067	2.12×10⁻⁸	0.017	0.26
	Likelihood	Time constant	0.117	0.117	0	0.102	9.137×10⁻⁸	0.0154	0.291
	Likelihood	Time constant	0.0649	0.127	0	2.25×10⁻⁹	2.25×10⁻⁹	0.0292	0.145

The estimation method is either of likelihood or MCMC, and temporal refers to time constant or time-dependent estimation. The estimates are for:
sT – Speciation rate in Tropical biomes.
sNT – Speciation rate in Non tropical biomes.
sT-NT – Between region speciation rate.
xT – Extinction rate in Tropical Biomes.
xNT – Extinction rate in Non Tropical biomes.
dT – Dispersal from tropical biomes.
dNT – Dispersal from Non tropical biomes.

ISSN: 2730-7182