Figure 3

Family-level diversity of the Lepidoptera and Amphiesmenoptera (Lepidoptera + Trichoptera). Modern data for the Amphiesmenoptera is from Labandeira [44], shown as yellow circles; a mid 1990’s understanding of Lepidopteran history is from Labandeira [44], as purple circles; and current understanding of lepidopteran history is from Sohn et al. [32], as orange circles. The range-through method tabulating occurrence data was used, with data plotted at interval midpoints [9]. The age of Baltic Amber is taken as middle Eocene, discussed in Labandeira [74]; the geochronology at bottom is after Gradstein et al. [36]. The scale bar at bottom designates geologic time, in millions of years. Abbreviations: 1, Pliocene; 2, Pliocene + Pleistocene + Holocene.