Fig. 5

Section of the Stevardiinae phylogeny showing the relationships between Argopleura and the tribes Glandulocaudini and Stevardiini. ML tree obtained with RAxML. Single name labels several terminals when they lead to same nominal species. Type species of each genus are highlighted in green when sampled in this study. Red sperm symbols highlight taxa with insemination strategy, while blue sperm symbols highlight taxa known to have external fertilization. Sperm types are indicated by M1 – M3. Absence of any symbols next to taxon names indicates lack of knowledge about reproductive characters. Bootstrap values indicated with dots placed on internal branches according to inset caption. Section of the full topology shown on the left (shaded) is expanded on the right. Node 2 subtends Chrysobrycon from southwestern Amazon (type species C. hesperus was not available for this study)