Range expansion and habitat shift triggered elevated diversification of the rice genus (Oryza, Poaceae) during the Pleistocene

Table 2 Model fit of trait dependent diversification: habitat and life history

Model constraints	λ	lnLik	AIC	ΔAIC
Scenario #1
Habitat (close/open)
μ₀ = μ₁ = 0	λ₀ = 0.090, λ₁ = 0.311	−81.34	170.68	−2.62
λ₀ = λ₁, μ₀ = μ₁ = 0	λ₀ = 0.180	−83.65	173.30	−2.62
μ₀ = μ₁ = 0, q ₀₁ = q ₁₀	λ₀ = 0.095, λ₁ = 0.272	−80.82	169.62	−1.71
λ₀ = λ₁, μ₀ = μ₁ = 0, q ₀₁ = q ₁₀	λ₀ = 0.180	−82.76	171.33	−1.71
Life history (perennial/annual)
μ₀ = μ₁ = 0	λ₀ = 0.124, λ₁ = 0.460	−80.12	169.60	−2.47
λ₀ = λ₁, μ₀ = μ₁ = 0	λ₀ = 0.180	−82.11	172.07	−2.47
μ₀ = μ₁ = 0, q ₀₁ = q ₁₀	λ₀ = 0.144, λ₁ = 0.522	−85.58	178.98	2.17
λ₀ = λ₁, μ₀ = μ₁ = 0, q ₀₁ = q ₁₀	λ₀ = 0.180	−85.46	176.81	2.17
Scenario #2
Habitat (close/open)
μ₀ = μ₁ = 0	λ₀ = 0.176, λ₁ = 0.591	−66.23	138.12	−2.53
λ₀ = λ₁, μ₀ = μ₁ = 0	λ₀ = 0.346	−68.52	140.65	−2.53
μ₀ = μ₁ = 0, q ₀₁ = q ₁₀	λ₀ = 0.185, λ₁ = 0.521	−66.69	137.00	−1.68
λ₀ = λ₁, μ₀ = μ₁ = 0, q ₀₁ = q ₁₀	λ₀ = 0.346	−68.54	138.68	−1.68
Life history (perennial/annual)
μ₀ = μ₁ = 0	λ₀ = 0.247, λ₁ = 0.843	−65.85	137.50	−1.84
λ₀ = λ₁, μ₀ = μ₁ = 0	λ₀ = 0.346	−67.81	139.34	−1.84
μ₀ = μ₁ = 0, q ₀₁ = q ₁₀	λ₀ = 0.277, λ₁ = 0.965	−71.30	146.26	2.32
λ₀ = λ₁, μ₀ = μ₁ = 0, q ₀₁ = q ₁₀	λ₀ = 0.346	−71.14	143.94	2.32

Four models with different constraint settings on speciation rates (λ), extinction rates (μ), and state-transition rates (q) were implied. Subscript numbers 0 and 1 refer to close/open habitats and perennial/annual life histories, respectively. Constraint λ₀ = λ₁ assumes that the speciation rates of lineages with trait 0 and trait 1 are equal, μ₀ = μ₁ = 0 assumes that the extinction rates of lineages with trait 0 and trait 1 are zero, and q₀₁ = q₁₀ assumes that transition rates from trait 0 to trait 1 and from trait 1 to trait 0 are equal

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