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Fig. 4 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 4

From: Integration of molecular cytogenetics, dated molecular phylogeny, and model-based predictions to understand the extreme chromosome reorganization in the Neotropical genus Tonatia (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

Fig. 4

Ancestral and convergent chromosome associations mapped on the Phyllostomidae tree using the Macrotus californicus chromosome numbering system. Based on the recurrence of the same syntenies among the species analyzed, we were able to infer the syntenic associations present as individual chromosomes at the base of the common ancestor of Macrotus and the remaining phyllostomids (node A), as well as the common ancestor of Phyllostominae, Glossophaginae, and Lonchophyllinae (PGA, node B). The chromosomes present at A have remained conserved at B. Synapomorphies for Glossophaginae and the synapomorphies of Phyllostominae are mapped in black bold font at their respective nodes. The proposed convergent syntenic associations of chromosomes MCA16 – 19 are depicted in the same color for different species on terminal branches of the tree. The abbreviations beside the derived chromosomal states indicate proposed rearrangements required to generate them: T (telomeric fusion), i (inversion), Rb (Robertsonian translocation), F (fission). Multiple types of rearrangements required to the formation of specific chromosomal associations are separated by a (/), and question marks (?) represent rearrangements that were not able to be defined. The abbreviations in parenthesis correspond to the chromosomal morphology as follows: A (acrocentric) B (biarmed), M (metacentric), SM (submetacentric). Letters beside a chromosome segment represent the ancestral short (p) or long (q) chromosome arm or are used to identify fission segments with uncertain arm origin (a, b, x, and y)

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