Fig. 2

Simulated trait space and traitgrams (under specific models in Table 1) for morphological and climatic traits. The Y-axis corresponds to the trait values for the species, and should not be confound with the variances between them, thus the gray-shaded area is the 95 % CI of simulated trait ranges. Panel (a), floral size (morphological PC1) with multiple Brownian motion model. Panel (b), floral shape (morphological PC2) with regimes of the OUMVA model defined as bee and hummingbird pollinated species. Panel (c), mean and seasonality in temperature (climatic PC1) with regimes in a OUM model defined as Atlantic forest and other biomes. Panel (d), precipitation seasonality (climatic PC2) with multiple Brownian motion model. Colored scale in (a) and (d) correspond to branch-specific rates of trait evolution. Colors in (b) and (c) correspond to multiple regimes. Parameters θ, α and σ² correspond to the optimum, strength of selection and rates of evolution, respectively according to the model specification. Points at the right of each panel indicates the observed trait values in all species analyzed