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Fig. 9 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 9

From: Comparative morphology of the postpharyngeal gland in the Philanthinae (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) and the evolution of an antimicrobial brood protection mechanism

Fig. 9

Differences in gland morphology between different tribes of the Philanthinae. The morphology of the postpharyngeal gland (PPG) differs markedly between the three tribes of the subfamily Philanthinae, with all species of the Philanthini (red) possessing complex glove-shaped glands (exemplary 3D-reconstruction: Philanthus barbiger), while all investigated species of both Cercerini (green; 3D-reconstruction: Cerceris arenaria) and Aphilanthopsini (blue; 3D-reconstruction: Aphilanthops frigidus) possess simple tube-shaped glands. Note that for the Cercerini the two genera Eucerceris and Pseudoscolia (small font) have not been investigated in this study. Dendrogram modified after [31]

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BMC Ecology and Evolution

ISSN: 2730-7182

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